New techniques in antivenom production and active immunization against snake venoms

New techniques in antivenom production and active immunization against snake venoms.

Standard methods of commercial antivenom production are costly both in terms of animals, their maintenance, the use of large amounts of expensive venoms and man-hours. The basic technology, which involves the hyperimmunization of horses, bleeding and subsequent purification of the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) using salt precipitation and pepsin digestion, has not advanced significantly for man...

Cross Neutralization of Afro-Asian Cobra and Asian Krait Venoms by a Thai Polyvalent Snake Antivenom (Neuro Polyvalent Snake Antivenom)

BACKGROUND Snake envenomation is a serious public health threat in the rural areas of Asian and African countries. To date, the only proven treatment for snake envenomation is antivenom therapy. Cross-neutralization of heterologous venoms by antivenom raised against venoms of closely related species has been reported. The present study examined the cross neutralizing potential of a newly develo...

Bioinformatics and Multiepitope DNA Immunization to Design Rational Snake Antivenom

BACKGROUND Snake venom is a potentially lethal and complex mixture of hundreds of functionally diverse proteins that are difficult to purify and hence difficult to characterize. These difficulties have inhibited the development of toxin-targeted therapy, and conventional antivenom is still generated from the sera of horses or sheep immunized with whole venom. Although life-saving, antivenoms co...

Human Immunization, to Acquire Active Immunity against Snake Venom

[Snake venoms].

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